Single-phase power primarily refers to which type of electricity?

Single-phase power primarily refers to alternating current (AC) electricity. In a single-phase AC system, the current flows through a single set of conductors, and the voltage alternates in a sinusoidal pattern. This form of power is commonly used in residential and small commercial settings because it is sufficient for standard voltage requirements and devices, such as lights and household appliances.

Single-phase AC systems are characterized by two wires: one live (or phase) wire that carries the current and one neutral wire that completes the circuit. The frequency of the alternating current typically used in residential settings is either 50Hz or 60Hz, depending on the region.

This type of power is distinct from direct current (DC), which flows in a constant direction and is used in batteries and some electronic circuits. The differentiation from high voltage and low voltage primarily concerns electrical safety and application rather than the fundamental nature of single-phase electricity itself; single-phase power can be used in both high and low voltage applications, but the term itself does not define those characteristics.