What effect does a series circuit have on voltage across each component?

In a series circuit, the total voltage supplied by the source is divided among all the components connected in series. This division of voltage occurs because, in a series arrangement, the same current flows through each component, and the voltage across each component depends on its resistance as per Ohm's Law (V = I × R).

The sum of the individual voltages across each component equals the total supply voltage. For example, if there are two resistors in series and the total voltage from the source is 10 volts, and if one resistor has a resistance of 2 ohms while the other has 3 ohms, the voltage drop across the first resistor will be smaller than that across the second resistor because of the differing resistances. Essentially, each component's voltage drop is proportional to its resistance relative to the total resistance of the circuit.

This characteristic of series circuits ensures that the voltage drop across each component is a fraction of the total voltage, making the option that states the voltage is divided among all components the correct choice.