What is the primary use of a transformer in electrical systems?

The primary use of a transformer in electrical systems is to change the voltage level of an electrical signal. Transformers operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction and are typically used to either step up or step down voltage levels. For example, when electricity is generated at power plants, it is often at a low voltage. To transmit it over long distances efficiently, the voltage is increased (stepped up) with a transformer. Upon reaching its destination, another transformer is used to decrease (step down) the voltage to a safe level for residential or commercial use.

This voltage transformation is crucial not only for efficient power transmission but also for safely distributing electricity where it is needed. Because transformers can only change voltage levels, their design and function are specifically optimized for that purpose, ensuring minimal losses during the conversion process. This fundamental capability makes transformers essential components in electrical grids and various electronic devices.